Federal Law

The Federal Law is the law for the entire nation of Lovia. Subjects such as (inter)national transport, foreign affairs, healthcare, education, culture, language, sports, agriculture, fishery, industry, finance, economy and justice are described in this law. The Federal Law is divided over several Law Books:


 * Social Law Book: contains regulations concerning the welfare of Lovian citizens
 * Environmental Law Book: contains regulation concerning the environment
 * Criminal Law Book: contains regulations on justice and law enforcement
 * Public Law Book: contains regulations on the tasks and levels of government
 * Civil Law Book: contains regulations and rules concerning civil practices

Article 1 - Charity Fund Act

 * Article 1 - Charity Fund Act
 * Each year in December the Department of Finance shall donate one percent of its gross profits to the Federal Charity Fund. The extend of the contribution shall be discussed in the First Chamber and voted in the Second Chamber.
 * If the proposed amount of the contribution is accepted by the Second Chamber, the Federal Charity Fund receives the funds. The Federal Charity Fund proposes a charitable trust to be granted the funds. If the Secretary of Finance accepts the proposition, the funds shall be transferred into the account of this aforesaid charitable trust.
 * In the event of serious disasters in Lovia or other parts in the world, extra financial support can be granted. The Chairman of the Federal Charity Fund and the Secretary of Finance determine the amount of this supplementary aid.
 * Any Lovian Citizen, company or organization is entitled to donate to the Federal Charity Fund. The financial support will be spent on positive means only.

Article 2 - Health and Charity Campaigns Act
Article 2 - Health and Charity Campaigns Act
 * 1) Any non-profit campaign that is privately organized, putting effort in the realization of one or more of the topics listed below, shall be able to apply for financial and/or infrastructural support at the Department of Welfare.
 * 2) Campaigns eligible for government support are:
 * 3) Campaigns which counteract, try to prevent or raise awareness about abusive consumption of food, alcoholic beverages, tobacco, and/or narcotics.
 * 4) Campaigns which counteract, try to prevent or raise awareness about violence, hatred, and/or discrimination.
 * 5) Campaigns which promote or give advice about a healthy lifestyle.
 * 6) Campaigns which raise support, either by means of financial contributions or other means, for charitable causes in and outside Lovia.
 * 7) Campaigns which promote or give advice about a proper education.
 * 8) Campaigns which promote or give advice about the use of contraceptives.
 * 9) Any campaign applying for government support shall make use of factual information in support of its goal.

Article 3 - Laborers Act

 * Article 3 - Laborers Act
 * Standards on dangerous, unhealthy or unpleasant institutions:
 * Dangerous, unhealthy or unpleasant institutions are economical activities that endanger the laborer or his health. These include mines and institutions that use explosives.
 * All work, done by volunteers that are paid for their work, that endangers the laborer or his health should be considered a dangerous, unhealthy or unpleasant institution.
 * All dangerous, unhealthy or unpleasant institutions fall under the Laborers act.
 * General instructions on the hygiene and the safety and health of the laborer:
 * All institutions defined by the first article, should take precautions concerning the hygiene of the work environment. If this is neglected, article three defines consequences.
 * All institutions defined by the first article, should take precautions concerning the safety and health of the laborer. If this is neglected, the third article defines consequences.
 * Fining of institutions in summary offence:
 * All institutions that neglected one of the prescriptions in the second article can be brought before State Court by any Lovian citizen or employee of that institution.
 * The institution can be fined if proven to be in summary offence against the second article. This fine is to be declared by the State Court.
 * Premium for laborers that are the victim of the neglecting of the second article:
 * All victims of the neglecting of the second article should bring their employer(s) before the State Court. If not, any chance on a premium is lost.
 * All victims of the neglecting of the second article should be given a premium by there employer(s), if the employer is proven to be in summary offence against the second article. This premium is to be declared by the State Court.

Article 4 - Tobacco Regulations Act

 * Article 4 - Tobacco Regulations Act
 * The term "tobacco" is used for an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. Under "using tobacco" the Lovian government understands: smoking tobacco in the form of cigarettes or cigars, using it in smoking pipes and water pipes, or consuming it in the form of snuff tobacco or chewing tobacco.
 * The use of tobacco is forbidden by the Tobacco Regulations Act of the Federal Law, supported by Congress:
 * In all governmental buildings, including federal properties, state properties and properties of the city, town, neighborhood, or hamlet.
 * For all persons aged under 18 years.
 * In the close environment of persons aged under 12 years.
 * In the close environment of persons aged older than 12 years and under 18 years, unless permission is given by the minor.
 * The use of tobacco is discouraged by the Congress, in all public places, especially those where people consume food and beverages, meaning there is no strict prohibition on the use.
 * Every Lovian person, company, or organization who owns or manages a building, room, or public place has the right to prohibit the use of tobacco within that space, supported by Local Police authorities in case of disobedience.

Article 5 - Alcohol Consumption Regulations Act

 * Article 5 - Alcohol Consumption Regulations Act
 * The term "alcoholic beverage" covers every drink that contains ethanol, commonly known as alcohol. Alcohol is a psychoactive drug that has a depressant effect. A high blood alcohol reduces attention and slows reaction speed. Alcoholic beverages can be addictive.
 * Alcoholic beverages shall not be sold to persons who have not yet reached the age of 16 years.
 * Both the buyer and the person selling the alcoholic beverage to a person who has not yet reached the age of 16 years are considered to be violating the Federal Law.
 * Spirits (unsweetened, distilled, alcoholic beverages that have an alcohol content of at least 20% ABV) shall not be sold to persons who have not yet reached the age of 18 years.
 * Both the buyer and the person selling the alcoholic beverage to a minor are considered to be violating the Federal Law.
 * The use of alcoholic beverages is forbidden by the Alcohol Regulations Act of the Federal Law, supported by Congress:
 * In all governmental buildings, including federal properties, state properties and properties of the city, town, neighborhood, or hamlet.
 * In all educational institutions during class hours, unless the purpose of a particular course is to educate about alcoholic beverages.
 * The use of alcoholic beverages in this case is restricted to the absolute minimum. Courses will be dismissed by the Royal Educational Aims Council when this law is violated.
 * By any person whose professional occupation it is to transport other people. No alcoholic beverages shall be consumed during the period starting two hours before the job officially commences, and until the moment the job officially ends.
 * By any person whose professional occupation it is to safeguard other people's security. No alcoholic beverages shall be consumed during the period starting two hours before the job officially commences, and until the moment the job officially ends.
 * By any person during job hours.
 * Every Lovian person, company, or organization who owns or manages a building, room, or public place has the right to prohibit the use of alcoholic beverages within that space, supported by Local Police authorities in case of disobedience.
 * A high blood alcohol content is referred to as drunkenness.
 * Each person operating a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol violates the Federal Law.
 * When a driver's blood alcohol concentration is measured to be 0.05% or more at the moment of control and within half an hour of the moment when this person was halted by police authorities, this person is considered to have driven under the influence of alcohol, and has thus violated the Federal Law.
 * A person transporting other people as a professional occupation may not have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.01% during job hours.
 * Public drunkenness is prohibited by the Federal Law.
 * Each person in a public space whose behavior is uncommon and who does not seem to be able to think clearly and act accordingly and whose blood alcoholic concentration is measured to be 0.08% or more, is considered to be under the influence of alcohol, and can be arrested by police authorities.

Article 6 - Primary Education Act

 * Article 6 - Primary Education Act
 * Primary education is the educating of children in a school or privately, by qualified teachers, in order to provide them with the apt knowledge and skills to go to secondary education.
 * Primary education is provided in primary or elementary schools, unless the child is taught privately.
 * Primary schools can be operated privately, that is by an individual or an organization, or publicly, that is by a neighborhood, hamlet, town, city, state or by the federal state.
 * Primary schools have to appoint teachers that are qualified to teach the subjects they are asked to teach.
 * All primary school teachers must have obtained a high school or academic qualification.
 * Primary schools that are operated privately can turn down pupils only in special cases, these being the inability to provide education to a pupil with a particular problem, or if a pupil has proven to be unable to behave according to school regulations. In no other cases, pupils shall be denied access.
 * Primary schools provide general and basic education to a child.
 * These subjects should be taught at least three hours per week, during the six years of primary education:
 * English language, including reading, writing, listening and speaking skills.
 * Arts, crafts and music.
 * These subjects should be taught at least two hours per week, during the six years of primary education:
 * Mathematics.
 * Everyday Life, including introductions to relations, food, health, etc.
 * Physical education.
 * These subjects should be taught at least one hour per week, during the six years of primary education:
 * History of Lovia and the world.
 * Geography of Lovia and the world.
 * Science, including introductions to the natural sciences and basic applications.
 * Languages of the world, including introductions to Spanish, French, Dutch, Limburgish, Romanian and the Lovian dialects.
 * Computer class.
 * Primary schools are free to choose to provide more classes of any of these subjects, or to provide other subjects considered valuable, in order to provide twenty-two hours of class, every week of the schoolyear.
 * There shall be no doctrinal classes in primary schools.
 * In a course called 'Religions of the world', children may be taught about religions. If the school wishes to teach this subject, all major religions should be brought to attention, as well as a non-religious attitude.
 * Primary schools and their teachers may not try to convince children of a certain religious point of view, nor can they make any pupil exercise a religious act if not wanted by the pupil and/or the parents.
 * These rules apply for the arrangement of the timetable:
 * A break of at least 10 minutes is compulsory between every two hours; more often is allowed.
 * There shall be no classes on Sunday.
 * There shall be no classes between 7 PM and 7 AM.
 * There must be a lunch break every day, of at least an hour, between noon and 2 PM.
 * Private education, by a qualified teacher, can be provided. In this case, the same rules apply.
 * Every child residing in Lovia has to receive six years of primary education, beginning in the schoolyear during which the child will reach the age of 6 years.
 * Only if a qualified psychologist and the pupil's teacher find it appropriate for the pupil to skip a schoolyear and continue education with older pupils, and if the parents agree on this, the pupil may skip a schoolyear.
 * Every pupil has to receive primary education until the schoolyear during which the pupil will reach the age of 12, except in the case mentioned above.
 * In case a primary school does not provide the kind of education described in this article, the Secretary of Education or the Royal Educational Aims Council can decide to shut down the school until the service provided does qualify. In the meanwhile the Department of Culture, Heritage and Education must provide education to the pupils of that school, by allowing them instant pro-tempore access to another school.
 * The Royal Educational Aims Council is a council under the Department of Culture, Heritage and Education, consisting of three educational specialists who decide on the secondary education curriculum, and who can close a school (of any level) if it does not qualify with the requirements.
 * The following three persons are members of the council: the Secretary of Culture, Heritage and Education, the Prime Minister, and the Secretary of Welfare as the pupils' and students' welfare watchdog.
 * The Rector of Blackburn University is added to the council as its fourth member only when the council is looking into a matter directly concerned with the higher educational system.

Article 7 - Secondary Education Act

 * Article 7 - Secondary Education Act
 * Secondary education is the educating of adolescents in a school or privately, by qualified teachers, in order to provide them with the apt knowledge and skills to lead a life in a modern society and in order to be able to continue studying at college or university.
 * Secondary education is provided in high schools or secondary schools, unless the adolescent is taught privately.
 * Secondary schools can be operated privately, that is by an individual or an organization, or publicly, that is by a neighborhood, hamlet, town, city, state or by the federal state.
 * Secondary schools have to appoint teachers that are qualified to teach the subjects they are asked to teach.
 * All secondary school teachers must have obtained an academic qualification.
 * Secondary schools that are operated privately can turn down pupils only in special cases, these being the inability to provide education to a student with a particular problem, or if a student has proven to be unable to behave according to school regulations. In no other cases, students shall be denied access.
 * Secondary schools can provide different sorts of education, these being:
 * Secondary Theoretical Program: General, theoretical education, aiming to provide the student the knowledge and skills to enroll college or university.
 * Secondary Technical Program: General, technical education, aiming to provide the student the knowledge and skills to enroll college or university, to be ready to lead a private business, and to perform technical work.
 * Secondary Professional Program: General, professional education, aiming to provide the student the practical knowledge and skills to enroll college or a professional school and to be ready to have a specific, technical profession.
 * The subjects that should be taught, are chosen by the Secretary of Education and Royal Educational Aims Council, and have to be in accordance with the different programs and the general aims.
 * Secondary schools are free to choose to provide more classes of any of these subjects, or to provide other subjects considered valuable, in order to provide twenty-two hours of class, every week of the schoolyear.
 * Doctrinal classes may be provided in secondary schools by the school itself, if wished.
 * There shall be no more than one hour of doctrinal class per week.
 * The content of doctrinal classes, in which the teacher teaches a particular religious or political world view, can be chosen by the school and teacher.
 * There shall be no doctrinal classes about extremist views; that is: no far-right, far-left, extremist Islam, extremist Christianity, fascist, violent or extreme nationalist views can be taught. If needed, the Royal Educational Aims Council and the Secretary of Culture, Heritage and Education can dismiss a doctrinal course.
 * A student is allowed not to follow a doctrinal course provided by a secondary school, if he or she doesn't want to take this course. In order to skip these classes, the student has to notify the school direction and stay on school property during the courses.
 * A course called 'Religions of the world', or any course similar to it, is not considered a doctrinal course.
 * No tests and exams shall be taken for these courses.
 * These rules apply for the arrangement of the timetable:
 * A break of at least 10 minutes is compulsory between every two hours; more often is allowed.
 * There shall be no classes on Sunday.
 * There shall be no classes between 7 PM and 7 AM.
 * There must be a lunch break every day, of at least an hour, between noon and 2 PM.
 * Private education, by a qualified teacher, can be provided. In this case, the same rules apply.
 * Every child residing in Lovia has to receive six years of secondary education, beginning in the schoolyear after which the adolescent has finished his primary education successfully.
 * Only if a qualified psychologist and the student's teacher find it appropriate for the student to skip a schoolyear and continue education with older students, and if the parents agree on this, the student may skip a schoolyear.
 * Secondary schools that do not provide the kind of education described in this article, the Secretary of Culture, Heritage and Education or the Royal Educational Aims Council can decide to shut down the school until the service provided do qualify. In the meanwhile the Department of Culture, Heritage and Education must provide education to the student of that school.

Article 8 - Sports and National Team Act

 * Article 8 - Sports and National Team Act
 * Lovian boules is recognized as the national sport of Lovia.
 * Congress hereby commits itself to protect the sport and its culture as national heritage.
 * A national sports team is a team that performs a single sport at a high level and represents Lovia during international contests, championships and friendly games.
 * Congress can grant a sports team this title and duty by a normal majority.
 * The ownership of a national sports team remains with its original proprietor.
 * Congress will provide in a part of the expenses of this team to guarantee regular practice and performance.
 * Congress may revoke this grant by a normal majority when the team does not represent Lovia correctly, with dignity and without wrongful conduct.
 * Congress bars players who abuse narcotics, or any other substance that illegally improves a player's game, or have abused narcotics in the past twelve months from participating in a national sports team.
 * Drugs that are prescribed by a fully qualified doctor of medicine may be used.
 * At all times, other doctors of medicine may question the prescription and file for re-examination. If two other fully qualified medical professionals find the prescription unnecessary or harmful and therefore illegal, the sportsperson may no longer use the prescribed drugs.
 * Non-governmental governing bodies in Lovian sports may bar players from playing:
 * On reasonable suspicion of drug abuse;
 * On ethical grounds, that is when a player acts not appropriately and without dignity, or when he or she has violated the law.
 * Minors, that is people who have not yet reached the age of eighteen, must be a member of a sports player's union to protect them from wrongful conduct.
 * Minors and adults are both restricted from sports if the temperatures outside are harmful to health.
 * Minors may not participate in physical training or games when the outside temperature is below -20 degrees Celsius (-4°F) or above 32 degrees Celsius (90°F).
 * Adults may not participate in physical training or games when the outside temperature is below -25 degrees Celsius (-13°F) or above 38 degrees Celsius (100°F).

Article 9 - Act on the Fight Against Poverty

 * Article 9 - Act on the Fight Against Poverty
 * To fight poverty among the inhabitants of Lovia the Board on the Fight Against Poverty (BFAP) is erected under the Act on the Fight Against Poverty, supported by Congress and the Department of Welfare.
 * The composition of the board is as follows: the Secretary of Welfare, three Lovian citizens appointed by the Secretary of Welfare, and the Prime Minister.
 * The board will perform the following tasks:
 * The evaluation and financial support of (voluntary) organizations that aid the poor in Lovia;
 * The creation and management of facilities to give shelter and food to the homeless in Lovia;
 * The creation and management of a Center for Societal Welfare (CSW) in Lovia.
 * The CSW may grant payments to the poor in exchange for supervision.
 * The CSW may appoint social residences with low rent to people in need.
 * The board will work together closely with other initiatives that fight poverty, both private and public.
 * The Department of Culture, Heritage and Education will foresee a Learning Point.
 * The Learning Point offers cheap basic education according to the low doorstep principle.
 * The Learning Point will focus on guiding Lovians who have not received proper and full education.
 * The Learning Point may be an instrument for the CWS to aid its people.

Article 1 - National Parks and Monuments Act

 * Article 1 - National Parks and Monuments Act
 * The National Park Service is a governmental organization under the Department of Energy and Environment.
 * National parks are natural or geological areas, usually, but not always declared and owned by the federal government, protected from most human development and pollution. A National Park can simply be designated after a request from the Service and after the owner's acceptance.
 * A National Park is controlled, managed and protected by the National Park Service. The Chairman of the NPS is chosen by the Secretary of Energy and Environment. Park rangers are people charged with protecting and preserving the National Parks. Every person working in a National Park (except for strictly commercial goals) is a park ranger.
 * National Park rules are set up by the NPS itself or the parks can use their own and more often relevant rules.
 * Park rangers can arrest people in case of serious violations for less than 10 hours. The police can take over if the violation needs to be punished or trialled.
 * The National Monument Service is a governmental organization under the Department of Culture, Heritage and Education.
 * National Monuments are buildings, structures, bridges, statues or other monuments which are very important for Lovia, as a tourist attraction and/or as historical evidence. These buildings have to belong to the federal government.
 * A National Monument is controlled, managed and protected by the National Monument Service. The Chairman of the NMS is chosen by the Secretary of Culture, Heritage and Education.

Article 2 - Green Energy Act

 * Article 2 - Green Energy Act
 * The terms "sustainable energy" and "green energy" cover the provision of energy from sources that are not expected to be depleted in a time frame relevant to our Earth's inhabitants and that do not produce radioactive waste.
 * Within the Kingdom of Lovia, all energy produced, imported and/or exported must be fully sustainable by 2012.
 * The Lovian government reserves the right to sanction corporations that distribute unsustainable energy.

Article 1 - Federal Police Act

 * Article 1 - Federal Police Act
 * To ensure the people's safety, the Federal Police is erected under the Federal Police Act, supported by Congress and the Department of Welfare.
 * The Federal Police is the unitary police force in Lovia, and is therefore charged with all of the following duties:
 * Local, state and federal police investigations and operations.
 * Investigations and operations that intend to fight international safety threats to Lovians.
 * Customs activities.
 * In all its activities, the Federal Police must strive to increase the safety in Lovia.
 * The Federal Police strives to save lives when people and animals are in danger.
 * The Federal Police strives not to cause material or any other form of damage, unless it is unquestionably required to perform its core activities.
 * The Federal Police may never abuse violence, unless unquestionably required to save lives, or any illegal method to obtain information or to successfully do its operations.
 * The Federal Police has delegations in all states and is always prepared to assist local authorities.
 * The Federal Police is headed by the Federal Police Commissioner, appointed by the Secretary of Welfare.
 * The Federal Police is able to set up special units for crime prevention, investigation, training, traffic and many other special tasks.

Article 3 - Firearms Act

 * Article 3 - Firearms Act
 * 1) Ownership and use of firearms by any person within the Kingdom of Lovia is prohibited;
 * 2) With the exception of Federal Police officers, and with any other exception enshrined in the national laws of the nation.
 * 3) With the exception of hunters, who must obtain a license in order to hunt living animals for food, recreation, or trade, using a firearm.
 * 4) Licenses can be obtained with the Secretary of Welfare, who has the authority over the Federal Police and who has knowledge of the practices and potential dangers of firearms to the people's welfare.
 * 5) Licenses can only be granted to hunters
 * 6) who have taken shooting lessons at a Federal Police bureau and who have passed the associated exam, in which perfect knowledge of the Firearms Act, unproblematic fine motor skill, the acquired shooting skills, and the hunter's uncompromised vision are required and shall be tested;
 * 7) who have reached the age of twenty-one on the day the license is to be granted;
 * 8) who have their legal residence in Lovia;
 * 9) who have the intent to use it only for hunting, be it recreational or professional;
 * 10) who have not been convicted or arrested within the last two years before the license is to be granted;
 * 11) whose firearm is fit for hunting; thus only handguns, rifles and shotguns are allowed.
 * 12) Licenses must be obtained for each firearm and may only be registered to one person.
 * 13) Licenses are immediately repealed, together with the firearms in the possession of the hunter, when he or she is arrested or convicted, or otherwise involved in a police or court case. It must be regranted without further ado if the arrest or involvement is proven to have been without proper cause.
 * 14) Licenses cannot be sold or given to somebody else. Licenses always adhere to the person who has passed the exam and who has met with the legal requirements.
 * 15) Hunters are legally bound to register with the Secretary of Welfare, at least one week in advance, if and when they are willing to hunt in group, that is three or more hunters, all of which must have a license to carry a firearm, and no more than twice a month.
 * 16) The Federal Police is authorized to confiscate all firearms without proper license found within the Kingdom of Lovia.
 * 17) If a firearm is known or suspected to be used by somebody else than its lawful owner and the person who has obtained the license, then the Federal Police is authorized to confiscate the firearm and all other firearms registered to or used by both persons, and start an investigation in the matter.
 * 18) A private militia is any organization, either formally and nominally military or not, that is characterized by the presence of firearms, and that is not operated by the federal government of Lovia to ensure the nation's safety.
 * 19) The organization of a private militia is prohibited within the Kingdom of Lovia.
 * 20) It is unlawful to establish or participate in such a militia, as well as to allow them to exist and exercise their activities on one's premises.
 * 21) It is unlawful for militias established outside of Lovia, or led by foreigners, to operate or organize activities in Lovia.
 * 22) Private security services are not allowed to let their officers bear firearms.
 * 23) It is prohibited for officers of foreign police forces and armies to bring firearms into Lovia, or to otherwise obtain or use firearms. Exceptions may only be granted by Congress.

Article 1 - Settlement Act

 * Article 1 - Settlement Act
 * All Lovian settlements are classified into five denominational groups: hamlets, villages, neighborhoods, towns, and cities.
 * A hamlet is a very minor settlement affiliated with a town or city.
 * A hamlet must:
 * Have a population below five hundred. If larger, the hamlet loses affiliation with towns or cities and becomes a village.
 * Consist mainly of non-industrial and non-commercial lots.
 * Exceptions can be made by a congressional vote.
 * A village is an unattached minor settlement that is separate from a town or city.
 * A village must:
 * Have a population of at least five hundred and no more than fifteen hundred inhabitants. If larger, the village becomes a town.
 * Not be affiliated with any town or city within Lovia.
 * If a village becomes affiliated with a town or city, it will lose its village status and become a neighborhood.
 * A town is an unattached settlement within a state.
 * A town must:
 * Have a population above fifteen hundred. If below, the town becomes a village.
 * Contain one to four neighborhoods of any type.
 * Congress can turn a town consisting of four neighborhoods into a city, granting it a fifth neighborhood, by Congressional majority.
 * A city is an unattached major settlement within a state.
 * A city must:
 * Have a population of at least three thousand.
 * Consist of a group of neighborhoods; at least five.
 * It is legally required that at least four of the five neighborhoods are fully finished and that it is possible for its inhabitants to lead a safe and regular life.
 * A neighborhood is a subdivision of a town or city.
 * A hamlet or village may become part of a town or city, however, the hamlet or village it will lose its hamlet or village status and become a neighborhood.
 * All Lovian hamlets and neighborhoods are managed by the state of the town or city of which they are affiliated with.
 * All Lovian villages, towns, and cities are managed by the state of which they are part of.
 * All Lovian hamlets, villages, neighborhoods, towns, and cities are part of the Kingdom of Lovia and fall under the authority of the authorities of Lovia. Only the Governor has the right to commission the construction of neighborhoods and hamlets. The Constitution rules that Congress may overrule these decisions.

Article 3 - Economic Involvement Act

 * Article 3 - Economic Involvement Act
 * The federal government of Lovian has the right and power to execute direct economic activities; either
 * In the form of a State-Owned Company (SOC), when having a majority of the shares.
 * An SOC is headed and run by a branch of the involved federal department(s).
 * The goal of an SOC is to provide a certain public service to the people of Lovia.
 * Any company providing a public service can become a SOC, by Congressional rule.
 * When declared a public service by Congress, only the designated SOC may provide this service.
 * In the form of a State-Involved Company (SIC), when having a minority of the shares.
 * An SIC is run privately, but with Congress as a shareholder, represented by the involved federal department(s).
 * An SIC is a means in the execution of the governmental policies.
 * Any company that is of importance to governmental policy may become an SIC.
 * Only the Congress has the right and power to approve or alter the statute of a SOC or SIC, by altering the Economic Involvement Act in the Federal Law.
 * The executing powers are responsible for their own economic decisions.
 * A complete list of all State-Owned and State-Involved Companies and their specifications:
 * The Lovian Energy Company, of which 60% of the stocks are owned by Congress, represented by the Department of Energy and Environment;
 * The Lovian Water Company, of which all stocks are owned by Congress, represented by the Department of Energy and Environment;
 * The Unified Railroad Company, of which 60% of the stocks are owned by Congress, represented by the Department of Transportation.

Article 4 - Federal Planning Bureau Act

 * Article 4 - Federal Planning Bureau Act
 * 1) The Federal Planning Bureau is an official authoritative section situated on the federal level of Lovian government.
 * 2) Its structure is as following:
 * 3) The bureau works as a council;
 * 4) The bureau consists of three members, namely:
 * 5) the Prime Minister;
 * 6) the Secretary of Industry, Agriculture and Trade; and
 * 7) the Chairperson of the Federal Planning Bureau, who is chosen every six months by Congress and must be a Member of the Congress. [After Federal and Mid Term elections]
 * 8) Its powers are limited to:
 * 9) The proposal of economical and financial laws;
 * 10) Proposals which have been accepted by a special majority can go to the Second Chamber directly, without interference of the Federal Planning Bureau;
 * 11) The provision of advice on proposed bills concerning economical and financial matters;
 * 12) Advise can be obtained when:
 * 13) One of the members finds it necessary;
 * 14) Congress asks for it.
 * 15) The suspension of proposals on economical and financial level in order to re-calculate the consequences for Lovia and its inhabitants.
 * 16) The maximum suspension period is two weeks' time;
 * 17) The suspension can be obtained when one member of the Bureau demands it.

Article 5 - National Congressperson Order Act

 * Article 5 - National Congressperson Order Act
 * 1) To organize the 100 members of the Congress of Lovia the National Congressperson Order (NCO) is created.
 * 2) The NCO will perform the following tasks:
 * 3) File the names of each congressperson;
 * 4) File the controllers of each congressperson;
 * 5) File the political parties of each congressperson.
 * 6) Each member of Congress must add the congresspeople that they control to the NCO pages.
 * Article 5.1 - Ceremonial Duties of Congresspersons
 * 1) ﻿Every party (coalition or caucus) has the right to put foward a Party Leader.
 * 2) Party Leaders are elected by the members of a certain party.
 * 3) Party Leaders are to be the first, in tradition, to address congressional bills and address party leaders, but this is not mandatory.
 * 4) These members shall be addressed in the following:
 * 5) If their coalition has the majority of the seats they should be addressed with their Party or Coalition name first and their position in Congress (either Majority or Minority) last.
 * Article 5.2 - Cerimonial Duties of the Speaker of the Congress
 * 1) The entire Congress shall elect a Speaker of the Congress, or Head of the Congress, who has the power to:
 * 2) Call congressional hearings on impeachment or other important Lovian activites.
 * 3) Call a special congressional session to order.
 * 4) Ceremonially open and close congress at the beginning and ending of a congressional term.

Article 1 - Marriage Act

 * Article 1 - Marriage Act
 * Marriage is an understanding between two parties who voluntary agree to take up certain rights and duties.
 * The spouses have the duty to live together in the marital residence.
 * The spouses have to be loyal to each other and can not commit adultery.
 * The spouses have to offer each other respect, affection and consolation.
 * A marriage foresees a minimal autonomy of the spouses;
 * Each spouse has the right to perform any job that does not conflict with the interests of the partner.
 * Each spouse can open an account or rent a safe on a personal basis if the partner is notified of this.
 * A marriage foresees a minimal bond between the spouses;
 * Each spouse must bear the marital burdens in accordance to his or her capital and provide the partner with the vital.
 * When one spouse makes a debt for the family or the raising of the children, his or her partner is liable for this too.
 * Marriage can only be solemnized if all of the following conditions are met;
 * Both parties are at least 18 years old or have permission of the parents and a legal advisor.
 * Both parties agree on a voluntary basis and the volition is not deficient. (meaning not drunk, no coercion or mischief, etc.)
 * None of the parties can be already part of a marriage which is still standing.
 * The parties are not genetically related in one of the following degrees:
 * First degree: between parents and children or between brothers and/or sisters.
 * Second degree: aunts and uncles with nephews or nieces. (nephews and nieces is allowed)
 * The solemnization of a marriage is done in public, before a Lovian governor in the attendance of two witnesses.
 * The marriage must be announced to that governor at least five days and maximum two months on beforehand.
 * At the public solemnization a marriage contract is signed in which both parties agree to its conditions.
 * A marriage is considered terminated in each one of the following cases;
 * The marriage was not legally solemnized due to the lack of foreseen conditions as defined in article 1.2.1-4 and 1.3.
 * One of the partners obtains a cancelation through a lawsuit based on the neglecting of his or her duties by the partner.
 * In this case the neglecting partner can be sanctioned to pay financial life support to his or her partner.
 * In this case the judge also needs to decide on an arrangement considering the raising of children if any.
 * Both partners agree upon the termination and inform the governor of this.
 * One of the spouses deceases or is considered missing for more than one year.

Article 2 - Legal Cohabitating Act

 * Article 2 - Legal Cohabitating Act
 * When two or more people live together and share the burdens of this cohabiting they can obtain a legal cohabiting contract.
 * A legal cohabiting contract regulates the personal and financial relationship between the cohabitants.
 * The cohabitants are completely free with respect to each other and have no personal duties.
 * The cohabitants own all the goods they possessed before the legal cohabitant contract solely.
 * When a claim of ownership is disputed, proof of this ownership needs to be delivered.
 * When a dispute can not be solved due to lack of proof, the ownership is equally distributed.
 * A legal cohabiting contract can on top comprise any of the following provisions;
 * To make any part of the personal capital and/or future incomes common property.
 * To agree on an alternate financial regulation if the contract is terminated.
 * To make certain legally binding acts impossible without consent of all partners.
 * A legal cohabiting contract can be conducted by the agreement of all concerned parties, without a government official.
 * The contract has legal power concerning all issues up to the moment it is terminated by any concerned party.
 * A legal cohabiting contract can be ratified by the governor on demand of any concerned party.

Article 3 - Parenthood Act

 * Article 3 - Parenthood Act
 * Biological parenthood of children inside marriage:
 * The person who gave birth to a child is considered the mother; this is derived from the birth certificate.
 * The male spouse of the mother, if any, is under normal conditions suspected to be the father of the child.
 * This suspicion can be contested;
 * By the mother within a year after the child's birth.
 * By the man within a year after being notified of the fatherhood.
 * By the child itself within four years after reaching the age of eighteen.
 * This suspicion can be legally recognized by the suspected father;
 * With consent of the mother or legal guardian if the child is younger than fifteen years old.
 * With consent of the mother or legal guardian and the child if the child is between fifteen and eighteen.
 * With consent of the child if the child is at least eighteen years old.
 * Biological parenthood of children outside marriage:
 * The person who gave birth to a child is considered the mother; this is derived from the birth certificate.
 * The fatherhood of children outside of marriage can be recognized;
 * With consent of the suspected father and the mother or legal guardian if the child is younger than fifteen years old.
 * With consent of the suspected father, mother or legal guardian and the child if the child is between fifteen and eighteen.
 * With consent of the suspected father and the child if the child is at least eighteen years old.
 * By any interested party through a lawsuit.
 * Legal parenthood through adoption:
 * Adoption is a procedure in which an individual takes up parenthood of a child of which he or she is not a biological parent.
 * Adoption gives the guardian the same rights and obligations towards the child as if the guardian was the biological parent.
 * An adoption is only valid before the Lovian law if declared as such by court.
 * An adoption can be performed by;
 * Two people who are joined in marriage.
 * Two people who have a legal cohabiting contract.
 * An individual, whether married or not.
 * To become a parent through adoption you must;
 * Be socially and psychologically stabile, guaranteed through standardized tests.
 * Be at least 20 years old and at least 10 years older than the child you want to adopt.
 * Have permission of your partner when you are married or have a cohabiting contract.
 * A child can only be adopted if it is younger than eighteen years old.
 * If older than twelve, the consent of the child is needed.