Constitution

The Constitution (official name: The National Constitution of the Kingdom of Lovia) is the highest law in Lovia. The nation has had one for many years, but the new one has been written and signed in 2007. It was created by and voted with an absolute majority. Its supremacy "shall be mandatory". Already two amendments have been made to the Constitution, the First Amendment fixing the word choice issues and unclearities, and the Second Amendment on the unitarity of the National State.

Index

 * 1) Article 1 - Fundamental declarations on the State of Lovia
 * 2) * Article 1 A - Lovian National State
 * 3) * Article 1 B - Lovia is a monarchy, ruled by a king or queen
 * 4) Article 2 – Rights of every human being in Lovia
 * 5) Article 3 – The Lovian citizenship
 * 6) Article 4 – The structure of Lovia
 * 7) Article 5 – Legislature and executive power
 * 8) Article 6 – Editing the Federal or State Law
 * 9) Article 7 – Editing the Constitution
 * 10) Article 8 – Elections
 * 11) Article 9 – Supreme Court Trials
 * 12) Article 10 – State Court Trials
 * 13) Article 11 - National symbols

Content
The Constitution has 11 articles, each divided in sections, mostly divided in subsections and subsubsections.

Article 1
Article 1 A - Lovian National State
 * 1) Lovia is a sovereign, independent, unitary and indivisible National State.
 * 2) Lovia is a democratic and social state, governed by the rule of law, in which human dignity, the citizens' rights and freedoms, the free development of human personality, justice and political pluralism represent supreme values, in the spirit of the democratic traditions of the Lovian people and shall be guaranteed.
 * 3) Lovia shall be organized based on the principle of the separation and balance of powers - legislative, executive, and judicial - within the framework of constitutional democracy.
 * 4) In Lovia, the observance of the Constitution, its supremacy and the laws shall be mandatory.
 * 5) The national sovereignty shall reside within the Lovia people, that shall exercise it by means of their representative bodies, resulting from free, periodical and fair elections, as well as by referendum.
 * 6) No group or person may exercise sovereignty in one's own name.

Article 1 B - Lovia is a monarchy, ruled by a king or queen.
 * 1) The ruling monarch is the person who inherited the throne. This can be the king or the queen.
 * 2) The partner of the ruling monarch is the one who married the person who inherited the throne and
 * 3) A new king or queen:
 * 4) The monarch of Lovia is the first-born child of the previous ruling monarch.
 * 5) The person the most related to the former king will become ruling monarch.
 * 6) * If the former monarch didn’t have any children.
 * 7) * If the first-born child refuses to become king or queen.
 * 8) The heir to the throne has to sign the constitution before his or her inauguration.
 * 9) The king or queen and his or her partner are automatically Members of the Congress.
 * 10) The king and queen have the right to become a federal secretary and/or a member of one or more state governments and/or a member of a city or town government.
 * 11) The ruling monarch receives means by the Department of Finance to compensate his or her expenses. The Secretary of Finance has the right to turn down means if the expenses are not of any general use or if the monarch has spent too much on unnecessary items.
 * 12) The ruling monarch can also:
 * 13) * Grant a civilian an extra living as a gift.
 * 14) * Grant a company or store the right to be an official Royal Warrant.
 * 15) Every member of the Royal family is equal to normal citizens.

Article 2
Article 2 – Rights of every human being in Lovia
 * 1) Every human being and citizen has the right:
 * 2) Of freedom of thought, meaning and religion.
 * 3) Of equality, by race, religion, political opinion, language, sex, property, birth or other statuses.
 * 4) Of privacy.
 * 5) To have personal or common property.
 * 6) To be arrested in a trial and to be treated correctly.
 * 7) To have a residence.
 * 8) To work and to receive education.
 * 9) To relax and recreate.
 * 10) To live in peace with his or her fellow-men.
 * 11) To live in welfare.
 * 12) To become a Lovian citizen.
 * 13) Every Lovian citizen has the right:
 * 14) To have one or two residences.
 * 15) To participate in federal and state politics.
 * 16) To become a Member of the Congress or to become a Secretary.
 * 17) Every Secretary or Member of the Congress has the right:
 * 18) To have one, two or three residences.
 * 19) The Ruling Monarch and the Prime Minister have the right:
 * 20) To have maximum four residences.

Article 3
Article 3 – The Lovian citizenship
 * 1) You can become a Lovian citizen
 * 2) If you’re an inhabitant of Lovia, for four days or more.
 * 3) If you have done 50 or more useful edits.
 * 4) If you can give the following information:
 * 5) Your official given name, a surname.
 * 6) Your sex.
 * 7) The rights of a citizen are described in Article 2.
 * 8) Your citizenship can be taken away as a punishment in a trial.

Article 4
Article 4 – The structure of Lovia
 * 1) Federal level: Lovia
 * 2) Executive power: the Prime Minister and the Federal Secretaries
 * 3) Legislature: the Congress
 * 4) Judiciary: the Supreme Court
 * 5) State level: Clymene, Kings, Oceana, Seven and Sylvania
 * 6) Executive power and legislature: the Governor and the State Secretaries
 * 7) Judiciary: the State Court
 * 8) Local level: Cities and towns
 * 9) Executive power and legislature: the Mayor
 * 10) Judiciary: the State Court
 * 11) Sublocal level: Neighborhoods
 * 12) Executive power and legislature: the Chairman or Chairwoman
 * 13) Judiciary: the State Court

Article 5
Article 5 – Legislature and executive power
 * 1) Subjects of the legislature of the federal level:
 * 2) * Highways, international airports and ports
 * 3) * Foreign affairs, war and defense
 * 4) * Healthcare, education
 * 5) * Culture, language, sports
 * 6) * Agriculture, fishery, industry
 * 7) * Trade, finance, economy, business
 * 8) * Justice, Supreme Court
 * 9) Subjects of the legislature of the state level:
 * 10) * State Routes, local airports and harbors
 * 11) * Town and cities
 * 12) * Traffic rules
 * 13) * Nature, environment
 * 14) * State Court
 * 15) Subjects of the legislature of the (sub)local level:
 * 16) * Neighborhoods
 * 17) * Local streets and avenues
 * 18) * City parks, sporting accommodations
 * 19) * City planning

Article 6
Article 6 – Editing the Federal or State Law
 * 1) A motion can be:
 * 2) * A proposal for a new chapter in the Federal or State Law
 * 3) * A proposal for a change in a certain part in the Federal or State Law
 * 4) * A proposal for a deletion of a certain part in the Federal or State Law
 * 5) Steps of tabling and voting a motion for the Federal Law:
 * 6) One or more Members of the Congress write a motion.
 * 7) The motion is proposed in the First Chamber, where all the Members of the Congress can propose little changes to the text.
 * 8) If the majority of the Members of the Congress approves with the motion, it can go to the Second Chamber.
 * 9) Every Member of the Congress can vote (pro, contra or abstention).
 * 10) If more than 50% of the valid votes is pro, the motion is accepted and will be adapted to the Federal Law.
 * 11) When a majority has accepted the motion, the Prime Minister or monarch has to adapt it to the Federal Law.
 * 12) Steps of tabling and voting a motion for the State Law:
 * 13) The Governor or one or more of the State Secretaries write a motion.
 * 14) The motion is proposed to the Governor and all of the State Secretaries, where they can all propose little changes to the text.
 * 15) If the majority approves with the motion, they can vote officially.
 * 16) Every State Secretary and the Governor can vote (pro, contra or abstention).
 * 17) If more than 50% of the valid votes is pro, the motion is accepted and will be adapted to the State Law.
 * 18) When a majority has accepted the motion, the Governor or monarch has to adapt it to the State Law.

Article 7
Article 7 – Editing the Constitution
 * 1) The Constitution can’t be edited by a normal majority (+50%) in the Congress.
 * 2) A motion for the Constitution is called an Amendment.
 * 3) Steps of tabling and voting an Amendment:
 * 4) One or more Members of the Congress write an Amendment.
 * 5) The motion is proposed in the First Chamber, where all the Members of the Congress can propose little changes to the text.
 * 6) If the majority of the Members of the Congress approves with the motion, it can go to the Second Chamber.
 * 7) Every Member of the Congress can vote (pro, contra or abstention).
 * 8) If more than 75% of the valid votes is pro, the motion is accepted and will be adapted to the Constitution.
 * 9) When the Congress has accepted the motion, the Prime Minister or monarch has to adapt it to the Constitution.

Article 8
Article 8 – Elections
 * 1) Federal elections:
 * 2) Every year federal elections are held.
 * 3) The term of office of every Member of the Congress is exactly one year, so every year the elections should be held at the same date.
 * 4) Steps of the federal elections:
 * 5) Every citizen can run for Member of the Congress.
 * 6) After a month, the period of becoming a candidate is done and the voting can begin.
 * 7) Every citizen can vote for three candidates. It’s not possible to vote contra. Voting for less then three candidates is allowed.
 * 8) The candidates with the most votes, and at least three, will become Members of the Congress.  But there is a limit of Members of the Congress. This number is decided by the previous  Prime Minister, and should always be between 5 and 30.
 * 9) The candidate with the most votes will become Prime Minister.
 * 10) In case of a large population boom, the Prime Minister can organize mid-term elections.
 * 11) In these mid-term elections minimum 5 and maximum 10 new Members of the Congress are elected. The number is decided by the Prime Minister, just as the moment of elections.
 * 12) Members of the Congress stay Members without re-election.
 * 13) Federal Secretaries:
 * 14) The monarch and new Prime Minister will chose which Members of the Congress will become Secretaries of a certain Department. If they can’t agree, the Congress will be asked to vote.
 * 15) The monarch and the Prime Minister can fire a Secretary:
 * 16) If there is a good reason.
 * 17) If they (the monarch and the Prime Minister) can agree. If not, the Congress can be asked to vote.
 * 18) State elections:
 * 19) Every two year state elections are held.
 * 20) The term of office of every Governor is exactly two year, so every two year the elections should be held at the same date.
 * 21) Steps of the state elections:
 * 22) Every citizen who lives in the state can run for Governor.
 * 23) After two weeks, the period of becoming a candidate is done and the voting can begin.
 * 24) Every citizen can vote for one candidates. It’s not possible to vote contra.
 * 25) The candidates with the most votes, and at least three, will become Governor.

Article 9
Article 9 – Supreme Court Trials
 * 1) Issues for the Supreme Court:
 * 2) * Every case concerning federal issues.
 * 3) * Crimes threatening the nation or the national population.
 * 4) * Cases that can’t be handled by the State Court.
 * 5) Starting a case:
 * 6) The case can be started by: a plaintiff or a public plaintiff (a representative of the government, the nation, the state, the city, the town…).
 * 7) There has to be a defendant: the person or organization accused by the plaintiff. This can also be a public defendant, that’s when the government is accused by someone or something.
 * 8) Both plaintiff or defendant may use a lawyer.
 * 9) The case starts when one of both parties asks the Supreme Court for a lawsuit.
 * 10) The Judge has to examine the case and look at all the evidence. If he thinks this case isn’t appropriate for the Supreme Court, he can redirect it to the State Court.
 * 11) The lawsuit:
 * 12) The Judge starts with reading the file on this case.
 * 13) The plaintiff (or his/her lawyer) has the right to speak to the Judge in public. He or she can also bring witnesses or material on the case. He can ask the defendant questions to prove his or her guiltiness.
 * 14) Then the defendant (or his/her lawyer) can speak and ask questions to witnesses. Bringing material is also allowed, to prove his or her innocence.
 * 15) If the plaintiff wants to speak once more, he gets the chance.
 * 16) At last, the defendant has the right to speak.
 * 17) Judging the case:
 * 18) The Judge retreats and examines all the evidence and considers what both the defendant and the plaintiff have said or shown. He will use the Constitution and the Federal Law as his guidelines.
 * 19) Decision:
 * 20) The Judge will make his decision clear:
 * 21) * He or she can declare someone guilty. The Judge can fine this person or organization, or can lock somebody up, for a time according to the crime.
 * 22) * He or she can warn somebody or an organization, for doing wrong, but not that wrong there has to be a punishment.
 * 23) * He or she can declare the defendant unguilty and free.
 * 24) * He or she can redirect this case to the State Court, because it’s not appropriate.
 * 25) The Supreme Court Judges are appointed by the Federal Secretary of Justice, with the agreement of the Prime Minister.

Article 10
Article 10 – State Court Trials
 * 1) Issues for the State Court:
 * 2) * Every case concerning state, local or sublocal issues.
 * 3) Starting a case:
 * 4) The case can be started by: a plaintiff or a public plaintiff (a representative of the government, the nation, the state, the city, the town…).
 * 5) There has to be a defendant: the person or organization accused by the plaintiff. This can also be a public defendant, that’s when the government is accused by someone or something.
 * 6) Both plaintiff or defendant may use a lawyer.
 * 7) The case starts when one of both parties asks the State Court for a lawsuit.
 * 8) The Judge has to examine the case and look at all the evidence. If he thinks this case isn’t appropriate for the State Court, he can redirect it to the Supreme Court.
 * 9) The lawsuit:
 * 10) The Judge starts with reading the file on this case.
 * 11) The plaintiff (or his/her lawyer) has the right to speak to the Judge in public. He or she can also bring witnesses or material on the case. He can ask the defendant questions to prove his or her guiltiness.
 * 12) Then the defendant (or his/her lawyer) can speak and ask questions to witnesses. Bringing material is also allowed, to prove his or her innocence.
 * 13) Judging the case:
 * 14) The Judge retreats and examines all the evidence and considers what both the defendant and the plaintiff have said or shown. He will use the Constitution and the Federal Law as his guidelines.
 * 15) Decision:
 * 16) The Judge will make his decision clear:
 * 17) * He or she can declare someone guilty. The Judge can fine this person or organization, or can lock somebody up, for a time according to the crime.
 * 18) * He or she can warn somebody or an organization, for doing wrong, but not that wrong there has to be a punishment.
 * 19) * He or she can declare the defendant unguilty and free.
 * 20) * He or she can redirect this case to the Supreme Court, because it’s not appropriate.
 * 21) The State Court Judges are appointed by the Federal Secretary of Justice, with the agreement of the Governor of the State in which the new State Court Judge will work.

Article 11
Article 11 – National symbols
 * 1) The federal capital of Lovia is Noble City, Sylvania.
 * 2) The national symbol of Lovia is a white pine tree.
 * 3) The national colors are: navy, red and white.
 * 4) The national language is (American) English.

The First Chamber
These adjustments have been made by designer of the constitution in the First Chamber:
 * 1) Article 2 – Rights of every human being in Lovia
 * house and living are replaced by residence
 * 1) Article 11 – National symbols
 * Added: The national language is (American) English.
 * 1) Article 6 - Editing the Federal or State Law
 * When a majority has accepted the motion, the Prime Minister or monarch can adapt it to the Federal Law: can has been replaced by has to.
 * When a majority has accepted the motion, the Governor or monarch can adapt it to the State Law: can has been replaced by has to.
 * 1) Article 1 - Lovia is a monarchy, ruled by a king or queen.
 * Added: Every member of the Royal family is equal to normal citizens.
 * 1) Article 1 - Lovia is a monarchy, ruled by a king or queen.
 * The (former) King, Queen or Prime Minister has the right: To have more than three residences. is replaced by The Ruling Monarch and the Prime Minister have the right: To have maximum four residences.
 * 1) Article 7 – Editing the Constitution
 * When the Congress has accepted the motion, the Prime Minister or monarch can adapt it to the Constitution: can has been replaced by has to.

The reactions in the First Chamber on the Constitution design were very positive. Some of these short remarks:
 * "I have no remarks."

Robin Ferguson, December 2, 2007


 * "To me it is perfect."

Lars Washington, December 2, 2007


 * "Great!"

, December 4, 2007

The Second Chamber
The reactions in the Second Chamber of the Congress were also very positive. From December 6 to 8 everyone voted pro and the proposal was unanimously approved. The voters were: King Dimitri I, Lars Washington, Alexandru din Libertate, Arthur Jefferson, Robin Ferguson and Yuri Medvedev, all Lovian citizens. The constitution was officially accepted on December 8, 2007.

First Amendment
The First Amendment was written by His Majesty of Lovia. It corrects some mistakes in the Constitution and adjusts some small difficulties. Especially the articles about elections and trials are changed. It was acdepted on December 31, 2007 with an absolute majority.


 * Article 5 - Legislature and executive power
 * 1. Federal organization, royal family, federal elections was canceled.
 * 2. State elections was canceled.

should be held at the same date.
 * Article 8 - Elections
 * 1.3.4 The candidates with the most votes, and at least three, will become Members of the Congress. But there is a limit of Members of the Congress. This number is decided by the previous Prime Minister, and should always be between 15 and 30.
 * was replaced by:
 * The candidates with the most votes, and at least three, will become Members of the Congress. But there is a limit of Members of the Congress. This number is decided by the previous  Prime Minister, and should always be between 5 and 30.
 * New part: 1.4
 * New: In case of a large population boom, the Prime Minister can organize mid-term elections.
 * In these mid-term elections minimum 5 and maximum 10 new Members of the Congress are elected. The number is decided by the Prime Minister, just as the moment of elections. 
 * Members of the Congress stay Members without re-election.
 * 3. was replaced by:
 * this text:
 * 1) State elections:
 * 2) Every two year state elections are held.
 * 3) The term of office of every Governor is exactly two year, so every two year the elections
 * 1) Steps of the state elections:
 * 2) Every citizen who lives in the state can run for Governor.
 * 3) After two weeks, the period of becoming a candidate is done and the voting can begin.
 * 4) Every citizen can vote for one candidates. It’s not possible to vote contra.
 * 5) The candidates with the most votes, and at least three, will become Governor.


 * Article 9 - Supreme Court Trials
 * New part: 6.
 * New: The Supreme Court Judges are appointed by the Federal Secretary of Justice, with the agreement of the Prime Minister.


 * Article 10 - State Court Trials
 * New part: 6.
 * New: The State Court Judges are appointed by the Federal Secretary of Justice, with the agreement of the Governor of the State in which the new State Court Judge will work.

Second Amendment
The Second Amendment was proposed by soon after the independence problems in Hurbanova, Oceana. The amendment is about the sovereignity, independence, unitarity and indivisibility of the Lovian National State. All fundamentals of the Lovian state are defined in the Second Amendment. The article was originally proposed as the Twelfth Article of the Constitution, but was adapted as the First Article A. The original First Article became the First B.

The original text as in the Second Chamber:
 * Article 12 - Lovian state
 * Lovia is a sovereign, independent, unitary and indivisible National State.
 * Lovia is a democratic and social state, governed by the rule of law, in which human dignity, the citizens' rights and freedoms, the free development of human personality, justice and political pluralism represent supreme values, in the spirit of the democratic traditions of the Lovian people and shall be guaranteed.
 * Lovia shall be organized based on the principle of the separation and balance of powers -legislative, executive, and judicial - within the framework of constitutional democracy.
 * In Lovia, the observance of the Constitution, its supremacy and the laws shall be mandatory.
 * The national sovereignty shall reside within the Lovia people, that shall exercise it by means of their representative bodies, resulting from free, periodical and fair elections, as well as by referendum.
 * No group or person may exercise sovereignty in one's own name.

The proposal was finally accepted on April 11, 2008 after the vote of Prime Minister Yuri Medvedev.