User:Semyon/Sandbox

This is a sandbox.

Article 9
Article 9 – Supreme Court Trials
 * 1) The Supreme Court is an independent institution and the nation's only and supreme judicial organ, led by three Supreme Court Judges.
 * 2) A lawsuit is a civil or public action brought before a court of law in which a plaintiff, a party who claims to have received damages from a defendant's actions, seeks a legal or equitable remedy, from the defendant who is required to respond to the plaintiff's complaint.
 * 3) A lawsuit can be opened by a plaintiff or a public plaintiff.
 * 4) Any person in Lovia may be a plaintiff in a lawsuit.
 * 5) A public plaintiff is a representative of the federal government or any institution of it or any other level of administration in Lovia.
 * 6) The federal attorney is the public plaintiff representing the federal government, the entire population or any other administrative institution of the federal level in court. He or she is appointed by the Secretary of Justice.
 * 7) A defendant is the party accused by the plaintiff.
 * 8) A public defendant has the same status as a public plaintiff.
 * 9) Both parties may opt to be represented in court by a lawyer.
 * 10) Every lawsuit before the Supreme Court must proceed in this manner and order:
 * 11) The plaintiff opens the lawsuit.
 * 12) The plaintiff makes an accusation and names the defendant in the lawsuit.
 * 13) The plaintiff may make a demand. This can be a period of imprisonment, a fine or/and any other punishment not contradicting the laws of Lovia.
 * 14) The Supreme Court Judges must investigate the accusation. They may find the accusation not suited for Supreme Court; that is when the accusations made are in no way a violation of the law.
 * 15) The Supreme Court must notify the defendant that he or she is accused in court.
 * 16) The Supreme Court Judges must read out the case, including accusations and demands.
 * 17) The plaintiff's party must speak before court in order to convince the Supreme Court Judges of the truthfulness of the made claims. He or she may bring forward witnesses, that can be asked questions directly relating to the accusations, and/or evidence material. He or she may ask the defendant's party questions directly relating to the accusations.
 * 18) The defendant's party may speak before court. The defendant or his or her lawyer may plea guilty to the accusations, or unguilty. He or she may also try to convince the Supreme Court Judges of extenuating circumstances. The defendant is free to bring forward witnesses and evidence, both directly relating to the accusations or to the extenuating circumstances.
 * 19) The Supreme Court Judges must consider both pleas thorougly and by interpreting the laws of Lovia.
 * 20) The plaintiff's party may demand a second round, for which the same rules account.
 * 21) The defendant's party may demand a second round, for which the same rules account, but only if the plaintiff's party has made use of their second round.
 * 22) The Supreme Court Judges must consider the entirity of the lawsuit. The Judges must, within two week's time since the last plea, come to a conclusion. They may conclude:
 * 23) That the defendant is guilty of the accusations, or of a part of the accusations;
 * 24) That the defendant is not guilty of any accusations.
 * 25) All Judges must agree on the conclusion, except in the following circumstances:
 * 26) One of the Judges does not make an edit for a full week. In this situation, the agreement of the two remaining Judges will suffice.
 * 27) The Judges disagree completely over the verdict to give. In this case, the Judges must announce their inability to judge the case and stand down. Three new Judges must be appointed and continue with the case.
 * 28) If the Supreme Court Judges find the defendant guilty, he or she may choose to sentence the defendant, by means of:
 * 29) A period of imprisonment in a federal penitentiary;
 * 30) A fine;
 * 31) Any other sentence, including penal labor or contributions to Lovian society.
 * 32) All sentences issued by the Supreme Court:
 * 33) Must be in agreement with the laws of Lovia;
 * 34) Must be in proportion to the violation;
 * 35) Must respect the personal integrity of the individual; therefore death penalty, corporal punishment and inhumane forms of humiliation are prohibited.
 * 36) The Supreme Court Judge is appointed by the Federal Secretary of Justice. This appointment must be confirmed by Congress, by a normal majority.
 * 37) Potential candidates for the position of Supreme Court Judges must give their names to the Minister for Justice, who will officially announce the candidacies in Congress.
 * 38) The three candidates that receive the most votes will become Judges.
 * 39) Not more than one candidate may stand from each political party.
 * 40) The term of the Supreme Court Judges does not necessarily coincide with the Congressional term, nor with the duration of a federal government. The Supreme Court Judge must maintain his or her duty until another is appointed and confirmed; only then is his or her service terminated. The term of the Judges lasts for six months.
 * 41) At the end of a term, the three Judges must stand down and three new ones must be re-elected.
 * 42) Judges must not remain in office for two consecutive terms, except in extenuating circumstances.
 * 43) If the Supreme Court Judge resigns from his or her duty, the Department of Justice is bound to appoint a successor, with Congressional confirmation, within one month's time. It is the Supreme Court Judges' duty to continue his service until another Judge is confirmed, and until all ongoing cases are terminated, or prepared to be passed on to his successor, without causing disturbances.
 * 44) Congress has the unique power to discharge a Supreme Court Judge forthwith, by a special majority. The Department of Justice is then bound to appoint a successor, with Congressional confirmation, within one month's time.