Fade Dutch | |
Spoken in: | ![]() |
---|---|
Total speakers: | 0 |
Origin: | Dutch |
Language extinction: | 8 november, 2009 |
Language family: | Indo-European :Germanic ::West Germanic :::Low Franconian ::::Dutch |
Writing system: | Latin script |
Official language in: | nowhere |
Regulated by: | no official regulation |
ISO 639-1: | - |
ISO 639-2: | - |
ISO 639-3: | - |
Fade Dutch is a Lovian Dutch-based creole spoken in a hamlet nearby Hurbanova. Fade Dutch came to existence through the merger of two Dutch dialects: Kyst and Bôsx. There were three main dialects: North Forest, South Forest and Coastal. It became extinct November 8th 2009, when the last speaker, John Feldeke, died.
History[]

The hamlet in ruins in the Hurbanovan Forests

The house of John Feldeke in 2007
The first time the language was recorded was back in 1897. At that time there were two dialects, Kyst and Bôsx, which were spoken by Dutch people. One group of those people came from Antwerp, the Kyst, the other from Hook of Holland, the Bôsx. The people used to live in the same place, a hamlet near Hurbanova. In the Hurbanovan Forests near the coast. Today this hamlet is in ruins. The last man ever to live in it was John Feldeke, who moved to Hurbanova in 1999. His house was later on demolished.
In 1934 the first orthography was made for the Kyst dialect and also a large dictionary was published. Somewhere in this period the Bôsx dialect split up in two different dialects, a Southern and a Northern. In 1976, the Northern Forest dialect was the first to go extinct, when the last native speaker Máŕej Gutsám (Mary Goodsame) died at the age of 67. Because of this, the small group of Southern Foresters began to work on their dictionary, including grammar. In 1989, the last native speaker of the Coastal Dialect, Jân Syjtrôk (John Southrock), died at the age of 75. When he died only two natives of the South Forest dialect were left, Klaus Zimmermann and Jan Feldk (John Feldeke). Klaus Zimmermann died in 1997, at the age of 84. John Feldeke died on 8 november 2009 at the age of 94 and with him the language became extinct.
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
Bilabial | Labio- dental |
Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||||
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | (ʔ) | ||||
voiced | b | d | g | ||||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | χ 1 | ||||
voiced | v 2 | z 3 | ʒ | ɣ 4 | ʁ 5 | ɦ | |||
Trill | r 6 | ||||||||
Approximant | β ʋ 7 | l | j |
Notes:
- /χ/ was used when <x> was written.
- /v/ was often realised as /f/ in the coastal dialects.
- /z/ was often realised as /s/ in the coastal dialects.
- /ɣ/ was used when <ĝ> was written.
- /ʁ/ was used when <ŕ/ was written.
- /r/ was often realised as /ʔr/ in the forest dialects.
- Rare.
In the following table all three dialects are shown. The uppermost is Coastal, the centralmost is North Forest and the lowermost is South Forest.
Fade Dutch Consonants with Example Words | |||
---|---|---|---|
Symbol | Example | ||
IPA | IPA | Orthography | Gloss |
m | mɔn man man |
môn mán mán |
moon |
n | nɔχt nɑχ nɑχt |
nôxt nax naxt |
night |
ŋ | lɔŋ lɑŋ lɑŋ |
lông lang lang |
long |
p | plæsir plɛziʔr plɛziʔr |
plêsír plezír plezír |
pleasure |
t | tyŋ tɔŋ toŋ |
týng tông tong |
tongue |
k | kɑɔt kɔt kot |
kât kôt kot |
cold |
ʔ | bæʔamnən bɛʔamnɛ bɛʔamnɛ |
bêámnn beámne beámne |
to confirm |
b | bærɣə bæʁɣ bɛʁɣ |
bêrĝ bêŕĝ beŕĝ |
mountain |
d | də dɛ dɛ |
d de de |
the |
g | gyt gut guɛt |
gýt gut guet |
good |
f | fris fʁɪs fʁɛs |
frís fŕis fŕes |
fresh |
s | sɔk sok sok |
sôk sok sok |
sock |
v | - vɑʁ vɛʁ |
- vaŕ veŕ |
far |
z | - zi zeː |
- zí zé |
sea |
ʃ | ʃældən ʃældɛn ʃɛldɛn |
śêldn śêlden śelden |
to shout |
ʒ | gorɔʒə gaʔraʒə gaʔraʒə |
gorôź garaź garaź |
garage |
ɣ | ɔɣə oɣ oɣ |
ôĝ oĝ oĝ |
eye |
ʁ | ʁɔt ʁot ʁot |
ŕôt ŕot ŕot |
red |
ɦ | ɦɔt ɦat ɦat |
hôt hát hát |
hate |
r | ɦrælt ʔrɛlt ʔrɛlt |
hrêlt relt relt |
money |
l | løk løk løk |
løk løk løk |
nice |
j | ju jæ jɛ |
ju jê je |
you |
Textual example[]
This example is taken from the Constitution and is written in the South Forest dialect (in the linguistic and the Dutch-based orthography):
Áŕtíkl 1 A - Lovíś Náśonál Stát
|
Aartiekel 1 A - Loviesch Nationaal Staat
|